See plafond on Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *pléth₂us\nProto-Hellenic *plətús\nAncient Greek πλατύς (platús)bor.\nVulgar Latin *plattus\nOld French plat\nMiddle French plat\nFrench plat\nFrench fond\nFrench plafondbor.\nEnglish plafond\nBorrowed from French plafond (“ceiling”).",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"date": "from 20th c.",
"references": []
}
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"3": "fr:plafond"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flattened\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"wide; broad\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pléth₂us\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*plətús\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πλατύς\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*plattus\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"plat\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"plat\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"plat\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"fond\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"plafond\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"plafond\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }\" data-lang=\"it\" data-title=\"plafond\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fr",
"3": "plafond"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French plafond",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French plafond.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "plafond m (invariable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plafonatura"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ceiling"
],
"links": [
[
"ceiling",
"ceiling"
]
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"it:Economics"
],
"glosses": [
"upper limit (typically of a credit or debit card)"
],
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"upper",
"upper"
],
[
"limit",
"limit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics) upper limit (typically of a credit or debit card)"
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "plafond"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "fr:plafond<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">“plafond”, in <cite>Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa</cite> (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2026</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">“plafond”, in <cite>Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa</cite> (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2026</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *pléth₂us\nProto-Hellenic *plətús\nAncient Greek πλατύς (platús)bor.\nVulgar Latin *plattus\nOld French plat\nMiddle French plat\nFrench plat\nFrench fond\nFrench plafondubor.\nPortuguese plafond\n[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flattened\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"wide; broad\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pléth₂us\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*plətús\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πλατύς\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*plattus\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"plat\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"plat\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"plat\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"fond\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"plafond\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"plafond\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" }\" data-lang=\"pt\" data-title=\"plafond\">\nUnadapted borrowing from French plafond.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *pléth₂us\nProto-Hellenic *plətús\nAncient Greek πλατύς (platús)bor.\nVulgar Latin *plattus\nOld French plat\nMiddle French plat\nFrench plat\nFrench fond\nFrench plafondubor.\nPortuguese plafond\nUnadapted borrowing from French plafond.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plafonds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#s"
},
"expansion": "plafond m (plural plafonds)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "plafom"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with etymology texts",
"Portuguese entries with etymology trees",
"Portuguese entries with etymon",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from French",
"Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Portuguese terms derived from French",
"Portuguese terms derived from Middle French",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old French",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂-",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese unadapted borrowings from French"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of plafom"
],
"links": [
[
"plafom",
"plafom#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plaˈfõ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/plaˈfõ.d͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/plaˈfõ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/plaˈfõ.dɨ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "plafond"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "plafonduri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plafond",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plafondul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plafonduri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plafondurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plafond",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plafondului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plafonduri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plafondurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plafondule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plafondurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "plafonduri"
},
"expansion": "plafond n (plural plafonduri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "plafondurilor",
"gpi": "plafonduri",
"gsd": "plafondului",
"gsi": "plafond",
"n": "",
"npd": "plafondurile",
"npi": "plafonduri",
"nsd": "plafondul",
"nsi": "plafond",
"vp": "plafondurilor",
"vs": "plafondule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "plafon"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"obsolete form of plafon"
],
"links": [
[
"plafon",
"plafon#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"neuter",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "plafond"
}
Download raw JSONL data for plafond meaning in All languages combined (28.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.